tail(sort(myframe$V2), n=500)

head(sort(myframe$V2), n=500)

/Applications/RStudio.app/Contents/MacOS$ ./diagnostics

[rstudio-diagnostics] ERROR system error 17 (File exists) [path=/Users/Samuel/.rstudio-desktop, target-dir=];

test_function <- function(x, y) {

  x = x + 1

  y = y + 1

  x = x * x;

  y = y * x;

  y

  invisible(y)

}

debug(test_function)

test_function(2, 3)

> test_function <- function(x, y) {

+ x = x + 1

+ y = y + 1

+ x = x * x;

+ y = y * x;

+ y

+ invisible(y)

+ }

> debug(test_function)

> test_function(2, 3)

debugging in: test_function(2, 3)

debug at #1: {

    x = x + 1

    y = y + 1

    x = x * x

    y = y * x

    y

    invisible(y)

}

Browse[2]> n

debug at #2: x = x + 1

Browse[2]> n

debug at #3: y = y + 1

Browse[2]> n

debug at #4: x = x * x

Browse[2]> n

debug at #5: y = y * x

Browse[2]> n

debug at #6: y

Browse[2]> n

debug at #7: invisible(y)

Browse[2]> n

exiting from: test_function(2, 3)

> 

> visible_function <- function(a) { a }

> visible_function(1)

[1] 1

> invisible_function <- function(a) { a ; invisible(a)}

> invisible_function(1)

> args(paste)

function (..., sep = " ", collapse = NULL) 

> dotdotdot_function <- function(a, b, ...) {

+   print(a)

+   print(b)

+   dots <- list(...)

+   print(dots)

+ }

> dotdotdot_function(a,b,"xxxxxxxx")

<environment: R_GlobalEnv>

$center

[1] 10  5

$radius

[1] 5

attr(,"class")

[1] "circle"

[[1]]

[1] "xxxxxxxx"

> dotdotdot_function(a,b,"xxxxxxxx","yyyyyy")

<environment: R_GlobalEnv>

$center

[1] 10  5

$radius

[1] 5

attr(,"class")

[1] "circle"

[[1]]

[1] "xxxxxxxx"

[[2]]

[1] "yyyyyy"

> date <- as.Date("2016-03-01")

> date

[1] "2016-03-01"

> unclass(date)

[1] 16861

> unclass(as.Date("2016-03-01"))

[1] 16861

> startDate <- as.Date("1970-01-01")

> startDate

[1] "1970-01-01"

> unclass(startDate)

[1] 0

> unclass(startDate + 1)

[1] 1

> date1 <- as.Date("2016-02-28")

> date2 <- as.Date("2016-03-01")

> date2 - date1

Time difference of 2 days

> date1 - date2

Time difference of -2 days

> date2 + date1

Error in `+.Date`(date2, date1) : 

  이항 연산자 + 는 "Date" 객체에 정의되어 있지 않습니다

> date2 * date1

Error in Ops.Date(date2, date1) : "Date" 객체에 정의되지 않은 *입니다

> date2 / date1

Error in Ops.Date(date2, date1) : "Date" 객체에 정의되지 않은 /입니다

> t <- Sys.time()

> t

[1] "2016-02-27 08:27:34 KST"

> class(t)

[1] "POSIXct" "POSIXt" 

> time_data <- as.POSIXlt(t)

> unclass(time_data)

$sec

[1] 34.59137

$min

[1] 27

$hour

[1] 8

$mday

[1] 27

$mon

[1] 1

$year

[1] 116

$wday

[1] 6

$yday

[1] 57

$isdst

[1] 0

$zone

[1] "KST"

$gmtoff

[1] 32400

attr(,"tzone")

[1] ""    "KST" "KDT"

> time_data$mday

[1] 27

> unclass(t)

[1] 1456529255

> format(t, "%Y%H%M")

[1] "20160827"

> x <- 2

> y <- 2

> z <- x + y

> z

[1] 4

> x <- 1:4

> x > 3

[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE

> x == 10

[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE

> x == 1

[1]  TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE

> x <- 10:20

> x

 [1] 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

> y <- 30:40

> y

 [1] 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

> z <- x + y

> y <- 30:40

> x <- 10:20

> z

 [1] 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60

> for (i in seq_along(x)) {

+ }

> z[i] <- x[i] + y[i]

> z

 [1] 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60

> x <- matrix(1:4, 2, 2)

> x

     [,1] [,2]

[1,]    1    3

[2,]    2    4

> y <- matrix(2:5, 2, 2)

> y

     [,1] [,2]

[1,]    2    4

[2,]    3    5

> z <- x * y

> z

     [,1] [,2]

[1,]    2   12

[2,]    6   20

> z <- x / y

> z

          [,1] [,2]

[1,] 0.5000000 0.75

[2,] 0.6666667 0.80

> x <- list(1, 2)

> y <- list(3, 4)

> z <- x + y

Error in x + y : 이항연산자에 수치가 아닌 인수입니다

> 

> 

> str(1)

 num 1

> str(1.1)

 num 1.1

> str("1")

 chr "1"

> str(paste)

function (..., sep = " ", collapse = NULL)  

> str(paste("1"))

 chr "1"

> str(load)

function (file, envir = parent.frame(), verbose = FALSE)  

> str(aa)

 num 1

> dput(load)

function (file, envir = parent.frame(), verbose = FALSE) 

{

    if (is.character(file)) {

        con <- gzfile(file)

        on.exit(close(con))

        magic <- readChar(con, 5L, useBytes = TRUE)

        if (!length(magic)) 

            stop("empty (zero-byte) input file")

        if (!grepl("RD[AX]2\n", magic)) {

            if (grepl("RD[ABX][12]\r", magic)) 

                stop("input has been corrupted, with LF replaced by CR")

            warning(sprintf("file %s has magic number '%s'\n", 

                sQuote(basename(file)), gsub("[\n\r]*", "", magic)), 

                "  ", "Use of save versions prior to 2 is deprecated", 

                domain = NA, call. = FALSE)

            return(.Internal(load(file, envir)))

        }

    }

    else if (inherits(file, "connection")) {

        con <- if (inherits(file, "gzfile") || inherits(file, 

            "gzcon")) 

            file

        else gzcon(file)

    }

    else stop("bad 'file' argument")

    if (verbose) 

        cat("Loading objects:\n")

    .Internal(loadFromConn2(con, envir, verbose))

}

> args(load)

function (file, envir = parent.frame(), verbose = FALSE) 

NULL

> m <- c(1,2,3)

> dput(m, file="m.R")

> m <- 0

> m

[1] 0

> m <- dget("m.R")

> m

[1] 1 2 3

>

$cat m.R

c(1, 2, 3)

> x<-"jonathan"

> y<-data.frame(a=1,b=2)

> dump(c("x","y"), file = "data.R")

> rm(x, y)

> x

에러: 객체 'x'를 찾을 수 없습니다

> y

에러: 객체 'y'를 찾을 수 없습니다

> source("data.R")

> x

[1] "jonathan"

> y

  a b

1 1 2

> str(y)

'data.frame': 1 obs. of  2 variables:

 $ a: num 1

 $ b: num 2

> 

> 

$ cat data.R

x <-

"jonathan"

y <-

structure(list(a = 1, b = 2), .Names = c("a", "b"), row.names = c(NA, 

-1L), class = "data.frame")

> x<-"jonathan"

> y<-data.frame(a=1,b=2)

> save(x, y, file = "data.rda")

> rm(x, y)

> x

에러: 객체 'x'를 찾을 수 없습니다

> y

에러: 객체 'y'를 찾을 수 없습니다

> load("data.rda")

> x

[1] "jonathan"

> y

  a b

1 1 2

> str(y)

'data.frame': 1 obs. of  2 variables:

 $ a: num 1

 $ b: num 2

> 

> aa<-1

> bb<-c(1,2,3)

> cc<-data.frame(a=1, b=2)

> save.image(file = "dump.rdb")

> rm (aa,bb,cc)

> aa

에러: 객체 'aa'를 찾을 수 없습니다

> bb

에러: 객체 'bb'를 찾을 수 없습니다

> cc

에러: 객체 'cc'를 찾을 수 없습니다

> load("dump.rdb")

> aa

[1] 1

> cc

  a b

1 1 2

> bb

[1] 1 2 3

> 

> x <-  c(1, 2, NA)

> x

[1]  1  2 NA

> is.na(x)

[1] FALSE FALSE  TRUE

> is.nan(x)

[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE

> 

> x <-  c(1, 2, NA)

> x[is.na(x)] <- 10

> x

[1]  1  2 10

> mean(x)

[1] NA

> mean(x, na.rm=TRUE)

[1] 1.5

> x <-  c(1, 2, NA)

> sum(is.na(x))

[1] 1

> x <-  c(1, 2, NA, NA, NA)

> sum(is.na(x))

[1] 3

> x <-  c(1, 2, NA)

> y<- na.omit(x)

> y

[1] 1 2

attr(,"na.action")

[1] 3

attr(,"class")

[1] "omit"